The primary goal of
learning and development as an organizational process is to support collective
progress through collaborative, expert and moral stimulation and facilitation
of learning and knowledge that support and develop individual capabilities and
build diversity for business goals (Fisher and Walsh, 2005).
The goal of learning
and development is to develop or change the behavior of individuals or groups
for the better, sharing knowledge and insights that enable them to do their
work better, or cultivate attitudes that help them perform better (Lievens,
2011).
An every person learns
at every moment from birth. Similarly, an organization learns and develops from
the beginning at all time (Francis, 1997). Organizations want men and women
with high phases of potential, knowledge and competencies. In addition, the
education and training received by all employees in the organization is a great
help in achieving organizational goals (Mukminin and Semmaila,
2020).
Learning, training, and
development are often used interchangeably. However, there are subtle
differences between these concepts as
illustrated in table 1.0.
Table 1.0: Difference between Learning, Training, Development & Education
|
Learning |
“The
process of gaining knowledge and expertise” (Knowles, 1975). The
process by which an individual acquires both tacit, explicit knowledge and
develops expertise, abilities, behaviors, and attitudes. It involves changing habits through
experience, such as formal methods to serve people to study in or out of the
workplace (Vulpen, 2016). |
|
Training |
“Training
is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a
particular job” (Flippo, 1970). The
purpose of the training is to teach the applicable, practical knowledge,
skills and attitudes that are immediately relevant to be used for a specific
job (Fitzgerald, 1992). Training can
focus on delivering better performance in the current role or overcoming
future changes. In additionally, Systematic software of formal strategies to
enable and assist people to acquire the skills needed to perform their tasks
satisfactorily (Brown, 2022). |
|
Development |
“Development
is a long participatory process of social change in the society whose
objective is the material and social progress for the majority of population
through a better understanding of their environment” (Rogers, 1990). Development
is future focused and aims to prepare employees to take on additional
responsibilities in different jobs, usually at higher level. Development is a
long-term goal. It revolves around
expanding or deepening knowledge. This
should be in line with one's personal development goals and the future goals
of the organization (Vulpen, 2016). If
defined in another way, Growth or recognition of an individual's abilities
and skills through learning and educational experiences (Jovanovich and Damnjanovich,
2016). |
|
Education |
“Education
is not preparation for life: Education is life itself” (Dewey, 1939). The
knowledge, values, and work ethic needed in every aspect of life, rather than
the skills and abilities relevant to the targeted areas of recreation (Jovanovich
and Damnjanovich, 2016). |
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